Activation Of T Lymphocytes Essay Example for Free

Actuation Of T Lymphocytes Essay Various sorts of T lymphocytes exist and each type plays out a particular capacity.  Helper T cells, otherwise called TH cells, fill in as delivery people of the invulnerable system.â When assistant T cells are actuated, these phones multiply and produce cytokines, which are little proteins that control the degree of safe reaction that a natural creature will express.â Several kinds of cytokines exist and every cytokine triggers the development of aide T cells into explicit subtypes, for example, aide T cell subtype 1, 2 and 17 (Balandina et al. , 2005). Another sort of T lymphocyte is the cytotoxic T cell (CTL), which is otherwise called the TC cell.â Cytotoxic T cells are answerable for the devastation of cells that were tainted by infections, just as for the demolition of tumor cells.â These phones likewise assume a significant job in deciding if a phone is ordinarily part of the framework or a remote cell.â Cytotoxic T cells are known to be the preferred choice to respond and dismiss if an organ transplanted into a beneficiary isn't good as far as tissue similarity. The cytotoxic T cells that are related with tissue dismissal are assigned at CD8+ T cells, in view of the possibility that these cytotoxic T cells produce a particular CD8 glycoprotein that is shown on its cell membrane.â These CD8 glycoproteins cooperate with assistant T lymphocytes, of which may trigger its change into administrative T cells.â The significant job of administrative T cells is to hinder the beginning of an immune system issue inside the arrangement of the life form. Another kind of T lymphocyte is the memory T cell which is created when a contamination happens in an individual.â These particular T cells keep on circling in the blood framework for a while in any event, when the disease has been stopped.â Memory T cells further separate into effector T cells when they locate a similar antigen that was related with the past disease, subsequently the term memory is suitable to apply to this sort of function.â Two general kinds of memory T cells incorporate the focal and effector cells.â â Memory T cells are known to convey either the CD4 or the CD8 glycoprotein on its plasma film (Wildin et al., 2001). Administrative T cells are another kind of T lymphocytes that assume a pivotal job in supporting the resistance of the safe framework (Khattri et al., 2003).â These T cells were prior called silencer T cells and their essential job is to forestall insusceptibility that is brought about by other T cells during the later phases of an invulnerable reaction (Fontenot et al., 2003).â Regulatory T cells are additionally answerable for restraining the safe response towards different cells of the body or self cells since this is significant in keeping up the dependability of the whole immunological framework. Explicit conditions bring about the insusceptible reaction towards self cells and this is generally seen when the thymus encounters trouble in separating self cells from non-self or outside cells.â There are two significant sorts of CD4+ administrative T cells that have been characterized.â Naturally happening administrative T cells begin from the thymus and are at times alluded to as CD4/CD25/ForP3 T administrative cells. The other significant kind of CD4+ administrative T cell is the versatile T administrative cell which is delivered when an inborn resistant reaction occurs.â This sort of cell is additionally called Tr1 or Th3 cell (Hori et al., 2003).â A distinctive element that encourages is the separation of normally happening T administrative cells from the remainder of sorts of T lymphocytes is the event of the FoxP3 atom that is arranged inside the cytoplasm.â Research has indicated that changes acquired in the FOXP3 quality outcomes in the failure of administrative T cells to separate, which thusly impacts the beginning of the deadly state of autoimmunity. Another sort of T lymphocyte is the normal executioner T cell which is fills in as the communicator between the versatile and the inborn safe systems.â Different from the standard T lymphocyte that recognizes protein antigens that are held by the significant histocompatibility complex (MHC), the regular executioner T lymphocytes recognize glycolipid antigens that are appeared by the protein atom CD1d. The common executioner T lymphocyte is then enacted and along these lines procures the capacity to execute explicit capacities that are identified with Th and Tc cells, including the discharge of cytokines and the statement of cytolytic particles that are liable for the decimation of remote cells that have attacked the body. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes speak to a little subtype of T cells that convey a one of a kind receptor on their plasma membrane.â Most of the T lymphocytes convey a receptor that is involved by two strings of alpha and beta glycoproteins.â In gamma-delta T lymphocytes, the receptor is made out of a gamma and a delta glycoprotein string.â Gamma-delta T lymphocytes are very uncommon, including just around 5% of the whole T lymphocyte populace however are found in high fixations in the epithelial coating of the stomach, as a major aspect of populace of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Protein antigens that trigger a reaction from gamma-delta T cells have still yet to be determined.â It is fascinating to realize that gamma-delta T lymphocytes are not only relegated to convey significant histocompatibility complex atoms and are really fit for distinguishing whole proteins than basically seeing short protein chains conveyed by the significant histocompatibility complex particles on lymphocytes that harbor antigens. There are specific gamma-delta T cells that have the ability to recognize a particular kind of significant histocompatibility complex atoms, explicitly class IB. In the human safe framework, the Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T lymphocyte makes up most of the gamma-delta T lymphocyte populace that is circling in the bloodstream.â These particular T lymphocytes have the capacity of rapidly responding to a minuscule metabolite that begins from microorganisms, known as the isopentenyl pyrophosphate forerunner.  Another sort of T lymphocyte is the autoaggressive T cell which is profoundly specific dependent on its capacity to emit the CD40 protein particle (Miura et al., 2004).â CD40 is commonly connected to T lymphocytes that current sections of an antigen and this protein atom is normally created by a subtype of T assistant lymphocytes. Th40 cells are available in every person except the degrees of this particular sort of cells rapidly increment during states of autoimmunity.â In patients determined to have type 1 diabetes mellitus, the Th40 cells as a rule respond to self-antigens.â For the situation of patients determined to have non-immune system people, the Th40 lymphocytes don't respond with these antigens.â A significant capacity of the CD40 protein atom on T lymphocytes is to trigger the recombinase proteins RAG1 and RAG2 in coordinating the receptor of a T lymphocyte. The receptor of a T lymphocyte fills in as the course through which a T lymphocyte can distinguish a particular antigen.â It has been resolved that the two recombinase proteins be created only in the thymus during the advancement of T lymphocytes.â It was, in any case, saw that the RAG proteins were emitted again by the T lymphocytes that were circling in the bloodstream.â moreover, it was likewise seen that the CD40 protein related with Th40 lymphocytes, bringing about the creation of RAG proteins.â Subsequent to the declaration of the RAG proteins, changes in the receptor of the T cells happen, recommending that the Th40 lymphocytes convey the capacity to adjust for the whole length of an individual’s life. The strategy of altering the outflow of the receptors of T cells that are coursing in the circulatory system has been names as TDR revision.â Research has announced that TCR update impacts the extension of the collection of T lymphocytes, just as creates T lymphocytes that are autoaggressive.â This perception subsequently shows that the amendment of the receptors of T cells is another technique for T lymphocyte resilience. THE DEVELOPMENT OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYMUS T lymphocytes are created from the foundational microorganisms of the hematopoietic framework which is situated in the bone marrow.â These undifferentiated cells move from the bone marrow to the thymus, where they are relied upon to multiply through the procedure of cell division and produce youthful thymocytes.â Young thymocytes for the most part don't discharge any CD4 or CD8 proteins henceforth these cells have been portrayed as CD4-CD8-cells. During their course of improvement, the youthful thymocytes obtain the ability of discharging CD4 and CD8 particles and these thymocytes are presently named CD4+CD8+ (Sakaguchi, 2000).â Further development of these phones includes the particular emission of just a single protein, either the CD4 or the CD8 molecule.â Once this has been resolved in each thymocytes, these phones are then ousted by the thymus with the goal for them to flow to the remainder of the body.â Approximately 98% of the thymocytes created by the thymus are required to deteriorate during its development, bringing about just 2% of the thymocytes arriving at development and completely removed by the thymus as immunocompetent T lymphocytes. Juvenile thymocytes that harbor the two kinds of antigens, CD4 and CD8, move into the center of the thymus so as to connect with antigens that are produced by the T lymphocyte.â These thymocytes cooperate with the significant histocompatibility complex particles that are available of the plasma layer of the phones of the epithelium.â Only a particular division of thymocytes will have the option to totally tie with the significant histocompatibility complex atoms consequently bringing about a sign that demonstrates the endurance of the thymocyte. The remainder of the th

Tattoo and Work Essay Example for Free

Tattoo and Work Essay In my combination exposition I will discuss the two sides of having a noticeable tattoo by utilizing the articles â€Å"Tattoos in the Workplace: Whats an Employer to Do?†, The Relationship Between Body Modification and GPA. what's more, â€Å"Tattoos Gain Even More Visibility†. These articles cooperate to show the advantages and disadvantages of living with a tattoo whether it is in the working environment, noticeable or for a strict reason. The article â€Å"Tattoos in the Workplace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the article clarifies all the reasons in why somebody with a tattoo shouldn’t be decided off just that. It likewise discusses how getting along such is an infringement of the law. In the article â€Å"Tattoos Gain Even More Visibility† it makes reference to how in today’s society noticeable body adjustments have gotten increasingly famous and acknowledged. In the article â€Å"The Relationship Between Body Modification and GPA†, the article sums up an examination done of youngsters maturing from 15 till 25. In the connection between the three articles I figure tattoos ought to be acknowledged as long as they can’t be found in the work environment. These articles will demonstrate and conflict with my supposition that tattoos as a rule ought to be a boisterous in a work environment as long as it isn’t noticeable. Dismissing somebody for an occupation in view of their tattoos is a type of separation and ought not ever occur. Before perusing these articles I had no position about tattoos since I had none myself. In this issue the crowd will be questioners and bosses who think tattoos meddle with somebody having the option to work with the general population. In a situation about a young lady being met for work with some obvious strict tattoos, she went in for a meeting yet after the meeting she discovered she didn’t land the position and asked why. In the article â€Å"The connection Between Body adjustment and GPA†, the articles fundamental issue is, is there a connection among tattoos and understudies grades. The article goes into depiction about the examination and the particular inquiries the experimenter posed to the investigation subjects. In the end the experimenter discovered that there was no connection between the understudies having body alterations like tattoos and piercings and the evaluations that theâ students had. I would say as an understudy, tattoos and grades had no connection. It relies upon what sort of understudy you are in whether you will have passing marks. I have no tattoos however my evaluations aren’t great, which is an ideal case of why tattoos and grades have nothing to do with one another. A decent inquiry to pose to that gathering of understudies would be does having an enthusiasm for tattoos and piercings prevent you from going through cash of school needs like books and materials for ventures? This article includes to my contention why tattoos ought to be allowed in the working environment since the examination indicated that tattoos and no connection with grades. In the article â€Å"Tattoos in the Workplace: Whats an Employer to Do?† the writer underpins my proposal that an individual being a decent laborer has nothing to do with a tattoo. It clarifies how having a face tattoo can be diverting to the client however is it worth losing a decent specialist? The article likewise discusses where the tattoo is put comparable to your activity. â€Å"For model, the chances are that a four-star inn may not need the attendant to have enormous tattoos of skulls and crossbones on the rear of each hand. In any case, a similar inn may have less concern if a dishwasher in the kitchen has those equivalent tattoos on the grounds that immediate contact with the inns clients is minimal.† This sentence from the article raises a valid statement. And yet making a decision about somebody based off their body adjustments would be ethically off-base. This article backs up my case since it raises certain hazy areas that you need to see when saying an in dividual shouldn’t find a new line of work dependent on their appearance however it additionally shows that somebody with 50 tattoos could likewise be a truly kind person who is devoted to their activity in spite of the body changes. This was a decent article to back up my unique case. Then again you need to take a gander at all the hazy areas. Will recruiting somebody with noticeable tattoos of a skull or foul language be off putting to costumers? An organization could lose cash by employing somebody that would kill the general population with their tattoos. Having a tattoo of a stripped woman could be exceptionally improper and diverting. In a prospective employee meeting, on the off chance that you were not qualified having obvious tattoos could simply add to why you shouldn’t land the position. There is additionally a worry in tattoos causing contaminations that can influence your skin until the end of time. These articles all talk about a similar theme and are in concurrence with one another and my sentiment. In each of the three articles they concur that tattoos ought to be acknowledged in the working environment. What's more, in the articles, they all rundown diverse legitimate reasons. In my situation Sarah, the young lady with the strict noticeable tattoos is additionally equipped for the activity however her tattoos were on her wrist so during the activity in HR she would be working with many individuals and it would be uncovered each day. Much the same as in the articles they raise the issue of what occupation could having an obvious tattoo not be acknowledged in. Is having a vocation with the general population and having a noticeable tattoo incomprehensible? Much the same as in the article â€Å"Tattoos in the Workplace: Whats an Employer to Do?† they raise somebody not being acknowledged for an occupation dependent on their strict tattoos strict separation. Society has changed its recognition on tattoos and how it doesn’t identify with your activity. In the article â€Å"Tattoos Gain More Visibility† the fundamental subject is the manner by which in the general public we live in today; more individuals are getting tattoos in noticeable spots like the neck and hands. In the article, â€Å"Necks and hands, said Joshua Lord, a proprietor of East Side Ink on Manhattan’s Lower East Side, were the last taboo.† talking about how presently individuals are getting tattoos in these spots contrasted with years prior. â€Å"â€Å"But as of late I’ve done them for specialists and memorial service chiefs and educators, and a ton of hairdressers,† who use hand tattoos as friendly exchanges, he said.† this shows how tattoos can be utilized as notice or a methods for discussion. This article contends on my side of view. It like the other two demonstrates how tattoos have no connection with the great quali ty activity an individual can do. The article additionally discusses the ubiquity of tattoos presently contrasted with previously. What may concern some old fashioned masterminds is that noticeable tattoos might be digging in for the long haul. Talking from somebody without any tattoos, I’m eager to get my initial one. The articles â€Å"Tattoos Gain More Visibility†, â€Å"Tattoos in the Workplace: Whats an Employer to Do?† and The Relationship Between Body Modification and GPA. back up my case that tattoos ought to be acknowledged in the working environment. It is segregation to judge someone’s fit for a vocation dependent on body adjustments. Having a tattoo is only one part of an individual and having a tattoo shouldn’t be held against them. There are sure situationsâ where somebody may have a supremacist or dubious tattoo which may make them working in the open unimaginable due to clients grumbling about their tattoos. On the off chance that the tattoo isn't discourteous to anybody, at that point there shouldn’t be an issue. In the wake of perusing this article I h ave a position on how I feel about tattoos. Somehow or another tattoos can hinder you finding a new line of work and that isn’t ethically right. My situation was about a young lady would didn’t find a new line of work she was equipped for. It wasn’t expressed on the off chance that it was a direct result of her strict tattoos or not. After my feeling on tattoos not being applicable, do you think Sarah didn’t land the position due to her tattoos or perhaps an obscure explanation?

Five Habits to Keep You Healthy at Work

Five Habits to Keep You Healthy at Work Five Habits to Keep You Healthy at Work By Anna Whitehouse It’s easy to let good habits slip once you enter the workplace, especially if you’re keen to make a good impression in your first job after graduating. However, being glued to your office chair for hours and feeling stressed because you skipped lunch will only do you damage in the long run. Instead, adopt a handful of healthy habits, transform your working day and improve your quality of life. Here are some ideas to get you started. Sit for shorter periods Obesity, type two diabetes and even cancer are a few of the risks if you spend hours sitting at a desk, according to the NHS. Sitting still for long periods slows your metabolism, affecting your body’s ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure. Breaking down body fat also becomes harder. To combat this effect, it’s recommended you break up periods of inactivity with short bursts of activity. These only need to last for a couple of minutes, so why not use your break to go and chat to a colleague instead of just emailing them? Perfect your posture A certain amount of sitting is unavoidable, particularly if you work in an office. However, when you do need to sit down, make sure you’re sitting properly. If you’re working at a computer screen, adjust your seat so that your eyes line up with the top of the screen. If the screen’s too low, you risk neck and back ache. Also, try not to crane your neck forwards while you work. The next step is to ensure your wrists and forearms are straight. There needs to be a gap of about four to six inches at the front of your desk, so you can rest your wrists. As you type, keep your arms bent in an L-shape and your elbows against your sides. Ensure your mouse, phone and other equipment is within easy reach to avoid straining. Finally, check your thighs are at right angles to your body or sloping downward just a little. Your feet should be planted firmly on the floor or a footrest. Simple yoga exercises are a great way to improve your posture. Practise regularly at home and you’ll find you become more aware of how you’re sitting at work. If you start to slouch, you’ll notice immediately. Don’t have the time or money to get to a class? Why not try the free Yoga With Adrienne sessions available on YouTube? Add extra exercise into your day Recent research has shown that by doing an hour of exercise a day, it’s possible to combat the effects of sitting still for long periods of time. So, whether it’s taking the stairs, cycling to work, getting off the bus early or going for a walk after lunch, try and add as much activity as you can to your working day. Eat and drink healthily Whether you prefer sushi, salads or hearty soups, preparing and eating a proper lunch will keep your energy levels up and increase your productivity. Try and include some protein-packed lean meat, eggs, beans or nuts and a serving of vegetables or salad. Oily fish is also an excellent choice, as several studies have shown that supplementing your diet with omega-3 fish oil can boost concentration. If your workplace is prone to providing an endless supply of cakes and sugary snacks, bring a tasty alternative so you don’t feel deprived. Seeds, dried fruit, nuts and oatcakes make ideal substitutes. You could even treat yourself to a little dark chocolate. Staying hydrated is also important. Sipping from a bottle of water on your desk could help to prevent that afternoon slump and stave off hunger. If you’re not keen on plain water, the NHS Live Well website suggests adding a slice of lemon, some sugar free squash or a little fruit juice for flavour. Avoid drinking too much coffee and tea as they can have a diuretic effect and swap sugary powdered sachets for herbal teas. Banish bugs and germs At this time of year, offices are full of people coughing and sneezing. To reduce your chances of succumbing to the latest virus, get into the habit of giving your keyboard and desk a weekly clean with antibacterial wipes.   If you use a headset, clean it regularly and never share it with other people. Finally, wash your hands or apply some antibacterial gel before you tuck into lunch. Boosting your immune system is another way to battle the bugs. Eat plenty of garlic, onions, oregano and thyme, as these are all naturally antimicrobial, supporting the good bacteria in your gut. If there’s a sore throat doing the rounds, try drinking hot water infused with fresh lemon, ginger and rosemary. With more than 40 percent of workers suffering from stress, it’s also important to take care of your mental health. So if you’re constantly feeling irritable, anxious, tearful or unable to focus, make sure you talk to family, friends, colleagues and your employer to get the support you need. To avoid feeling overwhelmed by work, the mental health charity mind recommends focusing on one task at a time. They also stress the importance of taking short breaks, enjoying outside interests and connecting with friends you trust.   Developing an end of day routine can also help you to switch off properly. So, next time you find yourself slouching on your chair or drifting off at your desk, don’t reach for a tempting treat. With a few simple tweaks to the way you work, you’ll feel healthier and happier at work and at home. Anna Whitehouse writes for Inspiring Interns, which specialises in finding candidates their perfect  internship. To browse our  graduate jobs London listings, visit our website.

Queer Theory Gender And Gender - 1975 Words

I will be explaining the following; Queer Theory, Radical feminism, sex=gender, biology is not destiny, youth non conformity, hegemonic masculinity, transgender and gender based harassment. I have used these six concepts because they highlight how sexuality and gender are constructed by society. This construction causes a heterosexual norm, which some people do not identify under. I have focused on Queer Theory because it depicts what is considered ‘normal’ regarding gender and sexuality. I also chose Radical theory to show how the construction of gender and sexuality can have a negative effect on women. Queer Theory Definition: Queer Theory emerged in the 1990’s. This theory consists of concepts from poststructuralism, feminist theory, and gay and lesbian studies. Queer theory focuses on challenging the binary surrounding sexuality and identity. (Mann, 2014). Significance: This theory pushes what is considered the heterosexual norm and makes people think out of the box. This theory challenges the concept of ‘biology is destiny’ and scrutinizes the construction of sexualities. This means queer theorists take what is considered ‘normal’ out of the spotlight and focus on concepts outside of the binary. This theory is important for women and gender study students because student of this class need to be able to think intersectionally on many different concepts and apply critical thinking to information that is conveyed to them. Example: Queer Theory allows people to have aShow MoreRelatedHow Queer Theory Destabilises Traditional Ideas Of Gender1798 Words   |  8 PagesWith Reference to Post-Structural Theory, Discuss How Queer Theory Destabilises Traditional Ideas of Gender. In regards to gender, Freud used the term ‘Oedipal Complex’ which hints to the myth of Oedipus who murdered his father and married his mother. This occurs in the phallic stage and refers to one of his more controversial ideas which states a boy’s erotic affection for his mother and conflict with the father as he desires to replace him. To resolve this conflict, the boy must identify withRead MoreQueer Theory And Intersex Individuals867 Words   |  4 PagesQueer Theory and Intersex Individuals Introduction Intersex is a part of queer theory that is lacking in research, but is necessary and has good reason to be included. The link between queer theory and intersex can be analyzed. Intersex individuals may have more difficulty finding fixed and stable identity-categories for themselves. Labeling and queer theory and intersex individuals is also a topic for discourse. Queer Theory Teresa de Lauretis coined queer theory in 1991 (Bell). 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The main focus of queer theory is to reject the categories of gender and sexuality that we as a society have come to know as traditional. Queer theory is rapidly expanding through more and more findings and studies. What is interesting about queer theory is that it does not just challenge the traditional makeup of society., it challenges what is normalRead MoreWhat is Queer Theory?1029 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Queer theory does not provide a positivity, rather it is a way of producing reflection, a way of taking a stand vis à ¡ vis the authoritative standard†. This quote comes from Thomas Dowson who suggests that the queer remark makes room for reflection while it requires a reflection of ones own self as well as their own involvement. The term queer can be a quarrelsome phrase and one that is surrounded by disregard, triumph and rejection. It mainly concentrates on the imbalance between sex, gender andRead MoreThe Discipline Of American Studies Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesretelling of queer narratives in Latinx literature and heteronormative ideology directly links to disciplinary foundations of literary theory, social identity, and cultural conditions demonstrated both in the fields English and American Studies. One specific area of disciplinary focus has been identity emergence and its connection to dominant ideology. Attention to identity emergence in literature has increased in recent deca des, especially as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) identitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Stonewall 1280 Words   |  6 Pageselectroshock therapy, and on the rare occasion, even lobotomies. †¢ Stonewall is a memorable event in queer history, a two-night stand by 2000 lesbians and gays against the police brutality happening to them during 1969, when they demanded their rights as free American citizens. †¢ They are still marginalized today, since it is almost an accepted truth, especially in other parts of the world, that queer people are sick, they are sexual predators, attention seekers, recruiting others to be homosexuals

Children With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id ) - 1673 Words

Historically children with intellectual disabilities (ID) were taught in segregated schools. Over the past two decades inclusive practices, addressing the equality of people with an intellectual disability (ID) has gained recognition through treaties and policies in Australia and internationally (IDEA, 2004; UNCRPD, 2006). School inclusion supports the rights of students with ID to be taught in mainstream schools. During this time researchers have studied the views and attitudes of students towards their peers with an ID and a number have determined that negative attitudes are quite prevalent. Therefore this paper will explore the research related to how students attitudes, beliefs and behavioural intentions can affect inclusion for students with an intellectual disability in mainstream schools. Description and Justification of Topic Choice Inclusive practices have surpassed the integration model and recommends students with ID be taught in mainstream classrooms, providing opportunities for meaningful educational and social experiences. Previous studies have found students with ID experience social isolation, and one of the major barriers to social inclusion is the attitude of non-disabled students (Brown, Ouellette-Kuntz, Lysaght Burge, 2011). This research will focus on whether inclusion has promoted change in attitudes during the last ten years and if students with ID experience positive social interactions and friendships with their peers. Relevant TheoreticalShow MoreRelatedSped Team1094 Words   |  5 PagesGrand Canyon University SPED Team Intellectual disabilities (ID) in education require proper planning, collaboration, communication, accommodations, modified lessons, and detailed individualized instructions. Intellectual disabilities affect many aspect of a person daily life with a variety of emotional, mental, social, and physical characteristics (Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, n.d.). Intellectual disabilities are also known as mental retardation (National Institute ofRead MoreIs Education For Disabled Children?1202 Words   |  5 Pages Education for disabled children has always been a critical issue because in some places parents were not ready to accept that their children were disabled, and schools also used to keep these students out of the classes. In these situations, disabled children were left behind. That s why in 1975 Federal law, IDEA Individual Disability Education Act took place. According to this law, disabled students from age 3 to 21 can get free and appropriate public education. This paper briefly discussesRead MoreThe Athletes Should Support The Special Olympics1556 Words   |  7 Pagesstanding on a glorious pedestal to riding in the quiet backseat of a car. 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This SPED team consist of: SpecialRead MoreThe Number Of Youth s With Disabilities876 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Number of Youth’s with Disabilities has Increased Over the years† Youth with disability behavior increase widely over years. Research has proven children with disability have alcohol and drug problem. The issue with youths with disability they have abundant amount of access to drug rather its prescription or illicit.Special education programs reported higher alcohol and substance use than the students not involved in such programs. Disability students has a significantly higher useRead MoreIntellectual And Developmental Disabilities And Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders1256 Words   |  6 Pages Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Natasha Hoaglen California State University, Chico â€Æ' Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Description Characteristics Intellectual and developmental disabilities [ID and DD] are defined as those having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social,Read MoreEssay about Forest gump1423 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Forrest Gump is a film that portrays the life of a man who has borderline intellectual functioning, from when he was young, all through his adulthood. Forrest was the victim of ongoing bullying and abuse from the mean-spirited children in his area. The movie shows the challenges he faced and how he overcame them, some with luck, but others with his ability; despite the fact that he has an IQ of 75. The story plays off in a series of decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a slow-witted yet athleticallyRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. 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Previously called mental retardation, ID, as defined by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY), is a term used to describe a child with certain limitations in mental functioning, and in skills such as communication, personal care, or social skills. (2011) These limitations will cause a child to develop more slowly than

Process Of Genetic Engineering Applications - 1629 Words

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Genetic Modification A classic example of genetic modification is the modification of the bacterium E. coli to incorporate the gene for human insulin. The insertion of the insulin gene into the bacterial DNA allowed for E. coli cells to yield insulin as a functional product. This was a major breakthrough in medicine because scientists were able to isolate the insulin produced from the bacterial cells and use it as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Type I diabetes. The process of creating genetically modified E. coli is illustrated below in figure XXX. Figure XXX:Show MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. 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The Honda Effect Case Study Essay Example For Students

The Honda Effect Case Study Essay Introduction Honda is a Japan based company and is the world’s largest manufacturer of motorcycles as well as the world’s manufacturer of motor vehicles, producing more than 14 million internal motor vehicles each year. The Honda Motor Company was founded by Soichiro Honda in 1948. In 1959, he opened the American Honda Motor Company, so he could fulfil his dream of building a high performance motorcycle and marketing it globally. The discussion below briefly emphasises on the strategy used by Honda to gain entry into the US motorcycle market. The key differences between the two accounts of Honda’s entry into the US motorcycle market The two accounts of how Honda entered into US motorcycle market differ in numerous ways. There are two approaches to strategies were used by Honda to enter the US market, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) report clearly shows a deliberate approach to Honda’s strategy in entering the US motorcycle market, while the report Documented by Richard Pascale shows a clearly defined emergent strategy (Mintzberg et al. 2003:152-165). -The deliberate approach which was emphasised by BCG enabled the Japanese manufactures to succeed in many ways. The BCG report showed that the success of the Japanese manufactures began with the growth of their own domestic market. The high production for domestic demand led Honda to experience economies of scale proportion as the cost of producing motorcycles declined with the level of output. This allowed Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they used to enter into the US market. The Japanese manufactures believed that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity. They also believe in putting capital back into production and making use of highly automated techniques. Thus, their marketing strategies are directed towards developing these high volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market share. The BCG asserted that the motorcycles available before Honda penetrated in the US market were designed and marketed toward a limited group of people such as the police, army, etc. (Mintzberg et al. 2003:152-165). However, because Honda had a policy of selling, they marketed their product toward the everyday members of the public, rather than the typical confirmed motorcyclists. The bike designed for this target market was a small, lightweight bike that sold less than its leading competitors, which were Harley-Davidson of the USA and Triumph and Norton of UK. Another distinguished characteristic that helped Honda become the leading competitor in its field was the addition of staff members. Honda’s willingness to hire more employees shows how strongly they valued innovation, as they had about 700 engineer and design members, whereas its competitors staffed only about 100 employees. Besides the increased level of hiring, Honda also implemented other strategies such as the developing region by region. Over a period of years they relocated from the west coast of America to the east coast. Along with expanding their market, they also began to focus more on their advertising. A huge investment was spent in on their advertising theme â€Å"you meet the nicest people on a Honda†. This theme in particular disassociated Honda motorcycles from other stereotype motorcycles that had a rowdy image. Richard Pascale (1996) however, disagrees with the BCG report. He emphasises on how Honda used the emergent approach to strategise on entering the US motorcycle market. His report suggests that Honda’s entry in the US market was much smoother and it is what led to their instant success. Pascale (1996) argues that Honda entered the US market at the end of the motorcycle trade season showing their inability to carry out research in the new market. Pascale (1996) also criticizes the assumption that Honda was superior to other competitors in productivity. He states that Honda was successful in Japan with productivity but evidence suggests that the company was not superior, due to the lack of funding from the ministry of finance and the tight budget they had. .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .postImageUrl , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:hover , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:visited , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:active { border:0!important; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:active , .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206 .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc921fc8c102e7a97abad0512b978e206:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ulysses S. Grant Argumentative EssayIn regards to the BCG reporting that Honda had a deliberate strategy of disassociating themselves from their competitors’ rowdy motorcycle image by following the â€Å"nicest people† advertising policy, Pascale (1996) asserts that it was not an intentional move. Instead, it was a result of the director of sales persuading management that this was the best course. The BCG report found that Honda penetrated into the US market with small lightweight motorbikes. Pascale (1996) however, argues that the idea of designing lightweight motorbikes at low cost was not one of inspiration but one of desperation. He argues that the intended strategy was one of promoting the larger motorbikes because Honda felt that due to Americans preferring large items, they would be more likely to buy a larger bike. The larger motorbikes intended were unreliable, which led to the promotion of the smaller motorbikes. Overall, Pascale (1996) gives the impression that it was through an incidental sequence of events that led to Honda gaining a strong hold in the US market. This was mainly through the unexpected discovery of a large untapped target market while at the same time trying to retain the interest of the current market. Pascale (1996) also believes that an element of luck also helped Honda follow an emerging strategy. Restrictions placed on the funds by the government for the US venture forced Honda to take an alternate route. If they had all the funds necessary, they may well have gone through the normal distribution channels. The extent to which Honda’s apparent strategy was deliberate and/or emergent In order to determine whether the company was following a specific model when entering the US market or not, it is crucial to consider the theoretical side of Honda’s strategy. According to Andrew’s model, there are two stages to corporate strategy, formulation and implementation. Formulation involved looking at the market, competitors and resources and formulating a corporate strategy which would be implemented throughout each process of the organisational structure. This is how BCG viewed Honda, as a corporation, who had looked at the market, formulated a strategy to cope with the environment and pressure of competing in the market and implemented it. Overall, this would make all Honda’s plans and activities deliberate. Pascale (1996) however, viewed Honda as having an emergent approach. This approach shows a realised strategy made up from an intended strategy, together with an emergent strategy, which is not planned but emerges in relations to activities within the environment. Pascale (1996) seemed to think that in Honda’s case, the company’s strategy was emergent and less was actually an intended strategy. By analysing both accounts, it is evident to state that Honda did not just follow one specific strategy, but rather followed a combination of both deliberate and emergent strategies together. Key lessons to be learned from any comparison of the two quite different accounts of the same strategic decision Both accounts have identified numerous key lessons, the following below are a few of them: A company should be able to move ideas from top to bottom and back again, meaning from senior managers to lower managers, as this provides more participation and support from all employees (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008). This is one of the abilities of the Honda organisation that was most valued. Advertising to the right target market is also a key lesson to be learned. Doing research on the competitors will help give an advantage and select the right advertising campaign that will capture the target market or segment intended (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008) . Innovation is vital to every company. Mr Honda showed his innovative ability by producing better motorcycle engines, and the hiring of additional employees portrayed how strongly they valued innovation, which gradually paid off, leading to success. Companies should do a thorough research and know how to utilize their market position (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008). .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .postImageUrl , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:hover , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:visited , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:active { border:0!important; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:active , .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089 .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64fd021e909ee2828dc679d63cadf089:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Its Not About School Prayer EssayIn the case of Honda, strengths in design advantages and production methods meant they were able to increase sales in Japan even though at the time there was no organisation within the company. The importance of a company’s culture is also emphasised. Culture has also played a huge role at Honda. This was tested when Mr. Honda sent two executives to the U. S with no strategy other than to see if they could sell something. Studying the culture in the US market and determining what role Honda could play in the same market has benefited the company, and led to its success. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is relevant to view Honda as being a company dedicated to being a low cost producer, utilizing its dominant position in Japan to penetrate into the US market, redefining that market by putting up its nicest people image and exploiting its comparative advantage using aggressive advertising and pricing (Mintzberg et al. 2003:152-165). After all, the weaknesses in an organisation can become irrelevant if the strategy is strong and there is a good leadership, and in Honda’s case, the strategy was strong, thanks to Mr. Honda’s good leadership skills and determination that led to the company’s success. BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. , Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases. 8th edition. England: Pearson Education Limited. Mintzberg, H. , Quinn, J. B. , (1991). The Strategy Process. New York: Prentice Hall. Pascale, Mintzberg, Lampel, Quinn, Ghoshal, (2003). The strategy Process: Concepts, Contexts, Case. , 4th edition. Prentice Hall.

Jobs Are Not For Everyone Essays - Social History,

Jobs Are Not For Everyone In the eighteen years I have been on this planet there are a few important things I have learned. One of the most important things I have learned is that jobs are not for me, at least not at this point in my life. Many different employers have employed me and I have had a taste of what the job world is all about, but I don't want any part of it. Every job I have had has had people above me who were not always the most intelligent people around. There is nothing I hate more than unintelligent people telling me what to do. I have worked at a grocery store, a trailer campground, a beach and a pool, all of which I have had mentally inferior superiors. But of the jobs I have listed, the one place that is the worst to work at is a grocery store. The tasks one is asked to do as an employee of a grocery store are unimaginable. I think that being employed, especially to a grocery store, is not a good idea for teenagers because there are usually unintelligent people running them, it infringes on teenage lives, and some aspects of most jobs are disgusting. Bosses are probably the most difficult part of being employed to me. At the grocery store that I worked at for a short period of time, I remember being constantly pulled aside and being told that I wasn't bagging the groceries properly. The strange part was that when my boss would tell me these things he would always take me to isle seven to yell and scream at me. Why couldn't he take me into his office where it would be private? Instead he would make a big scene in front of all the old women shopping for those lovely canned foods and completely embarrass me. I never understood that. There was another reason why I knew my boss wasn't the brightest candle on the cake. I always had to remind him that I only worked on Mondays and Wednesdays, but he could never grasp the concept. For some reason he was convinced that I worked everyday. Two days out of the five days I didn't work I would get a call from good old Bob asking ? why aren't you here yet?' I would always say ? Bob, don't you re member, I only work two days a week, and this isn't one of them.? Then he would say ? Oh yea, sorry kid, see ya' tomorrow?. So that was a frequent thing for Bob. Over all I would say that most bosses are strange people to deal with, and hard people to work for, and there is enough confusion in a teenager's life without someone like Bob to add a little more. Being in high school is a busy time of one's life, and having a job makes it even busier. For myself, I think that having a boss that wasn't that bright made things even harder. One time I can recall where my job really interfered with my life was when I had tickets to go see a concert. Unfortunately I had to work that day. I did not see any big problem with this; I would just take the day off. Not with Bob around. To someone like him, groceries are life and they should be for everyone, especially me. Well little did he know that this little situation would end my employment with that wonderful shopping facility. I told him I wanted to see this show and he pulled out the big gun; he said ? Son, I don't want to be a jerk but if you're going to miss work for some concert, I'll have to ask you to leave, for good.? I told him I understood and needless to say I left. Come on, how many times does your favorite band come to town? I think it was well worth it. I am only a teenager once and I will work the rest of my life. Jobs and teens do not mix. The worst part of employment is the nasty little tasks one must perform while on duty. Every job

Free Essays on Endangered Primates

There are many endangered species in the world today. One species that is in danger of becoming extinct are primates. The primate species include prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans. One group of primates that are endangered is the great apes. Great apes are in danger due to many different reasons such as humans hunting them, loss of habitat due to humans, or other animals prey on them. Great apes are important to researchers today because they are very closely related to humans. Primates, especially great apes, are coming closer and closer to extinction every day. There are different types of great apes and each one is unique in its own way. There are three things that effect why great apes are becoming extinct: physical traits, locations and lifestyles. Primates are an ancient and diverse eutherian group of animals. They are â€Å"built much like tree-dwelling mammals. They have long flexible backbones, five-fingered gripping hands and feet and forward pointing eyes on a short, flexible neck.† They have hair instead of fur, nails instead of claws, opposable thumbs and big toes, padded fingers with fingerprints, and a higher brain to body size ratio. They have high levels of intelligence because of their larger brain. Primates are able to see in color which most animals only see in black and white. Many primates are omnivorious, although most eat mainly plant foods. Most live in tropical rain forests in the continents of Africa, Asia, and America.What also makes them different is that they have all five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. Only humans are truly bipedal, but many can walk on only two legs although not for a long period of time. Apes and monkeys are very different physically even though they often get confused with each other. Apes have no tails, larger body size, they are semi-bipedal, moral teeth have a y-5 pattern, and they have a larger brain to body size. Apes are catagorized into t... Free Essays on Endangered Primates Free Essays on Endangered Primates There are many endangered species in the world today. One species that is in danger of becoming extinct are primates. The primate species include prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans. One group of primates that are endangered is the great apes. Great apes are in danger due to many different reasons such as humans hunting them, loss of habitat due to humans, or other animals prey on them. Great apes are important to researchers today because they are very closely related to humans. Primates, especially great apes, are coming closer and closer to extinction every day. There are different types of great apes and each one is unique in its own way. There are three things that effect why great apes are becoming extinct: physical traits, locations and lifestyles. Primates are an ancient and diverse eutherian group of animals. They are â€Å"built much like tree-dwelling mammals. They have long flexible backbones, five-fingered gripping hands and feet and forward pointing eyes on a short, flexible neck.† They have hair instead of fur, nails instead of claws, opposable thumbs and big toes, padded fingers with fingerprints, and a higher brain to body size ratio. They have high levels of intelligence because of their larger brain. Primates are able to see in color which most animals only see in black and white. Many primates are omnivorious, although most eat mainly plant foods. Most live in tropical rain forests in the continents of Africa, Asia, and America.What also makes them different is that they have all five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. Only humans are truly bipedal, but many can walk on only two legs although not for a long period of time. Apes and monkeys are very different physically even though they often get confused with each other. Apes have no tails, larger body size, they are semi-bipedal, moral teeth have a y-5 pattern, and they have a larger brain to body size. Apes are catagorized into t...

Decisions in paradise, Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decisions in paradise, Part II - Essay Example So, the key here is, organization should aptly study the new territory or market’s business environment and the factors that may impact its operations before embarking on. One of the key decision making technique or tool, which can enable the organizations including ARS Corp to do that study, is SWOT SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This business aiding analysis is good for correcting the problems related to strategy, position and direction of an enterprise, it measures a proposition or an idea and it is a subjective assessment of data arranged in a logical order that helps to understand, present, discuss and solve a problem.(Camillus, 1986). With ARS Corp deciding to go for the establishment of a Business School, this tool can be aptly used to study its potential. The strategic planners are required to use SWOT analysis in order to come up with effective strategies. SWOT analysis involves critical examination of organization al strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses of an organization are normally brought up by internal factors. (Chapman, n. d.) So, SWOT analysis can be used to find out the strengths and the weaknesses of ARS Corp in relation to its plans in Kava. At the same time, the other two criteria of opportunities and threats can be used to focus on the external environment in the Kava market. In addition, by doing this decision aiding process, SWOT will be able to build on its strengths and opportunities available, and the same correct the weaknesses, and overcome the threats. (Harrison & Pelletier 1999) If these factors are aptly identified and focused, they can be utilized by the decision makers in ARS Corp to make an optimal entry into Kava. When this SWOT analysis is applied regarding ARS Corp’s entry into Kava and its proposed setting up of a Business School, it gives various perspectives. Strength: One of the main strength of ARS Corp in relation to its plan of business school is its previous expertise in business management. As business schools and business management techniques implemented in an organizational setup are much correlated, its management expertise can be analyzed and focused on setting up the business school. The other strength is Business school can be the most cost efficient means of doing business in Kava because of minimum investment and no need for continuous flow of raw materials. Weaknesses: Although, ARS Corp has good business management acumen, its lack of experience in the education sector could put across some challenges. This weakness of ARS Corp could be seen when the process of establishing the business school is started, and also when it is being run. The initial work regarding the formulation of syllabuses and other apt infrastructural needs could be a challenge for ARS Corp considering its lack of experience. Opportunities: Kava has a sizable youth population and all these youths are perfect target customers for ARS Corp. The other key opportunity for ARS Corp through this venture is the elevation of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). By setting up a Business school in an underdeveloped region like Kava, and providing the youths with good education can elevate its ethical or CSR image. In addition, well equipped students from this School can be absorbed into ARS Corp’

International Finance Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

International Finance Management - Term Paper Example Three weeks data ranging from seventh October to 29th of the same month, showed mixed performance by all currencies. US dollar depreciated against most currencies showing a negative performance overall. The only positive gain was against Yen which was expected as Japanese government is trying to support exports in an ailing export industry. Pound showed the best performance in comparison to dollar, despite some negative statements made by the British president. Peso for the initial period showed some positive signs due to improved performances in the stock market. Shits in market sentiments in later half of the month couldn’t completely eat up the gains but did reduce them considerably for Mexican Peso. Euro the closest competitor of the dollar showed mixed performance amidst, spikes in dollar value and positive performances in European markets. Each nation around the world has its own currency. The strength of its respective currency is a reflection of economic strength. In many respects each country operates similar to an MNC when it comes to demand for currency. It needs foreign currency to make international payments, maintain foreign reserves and finance imports. Thus it is necessary for each country to not only manage its own currency value but also keep an eye on international currency movements. Over the years the internal monetary system has seen many drastic changes. The system has evolved from the gold standard, fixed rate system and now to a floating rate system. In the gold standard system each currency was convertible to a fixed amount of gold. Therefore countries accumulated gold to increase currency value. After the failure of the gold standard system for obvious reasons a new system was established known as fixed rate system. Under the fixed exchange rate system, national currencies were monitored and it was ensured that there were no sudden movements in currency rates. However

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay Example for Free

The lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture Essay This essay will be looking at the Shariah and how it is applied and how it affects the lives of Muslims living in a British, non-Muslim culture. In Islam Shariah is the name for the Islamic law, which applies to all aspects of the life of a Muslim. The Shariah includes all aspects of life from the daily activities, worship, criminal law and everything else. It is compulsory by every Muslim and by all Muslim nations to put into practice the Islamic Shariah and make it the source of all law and legislation. In Arabic, Shariah means the clear, well-trodden path to water. (www.bbc.co.uk). In Islam is it used to refer to the matters of religion that Allah has passed down for His servants, water is vital to all human life so the clarity and uprightness of Shariah is the means of life for the soul and the mind. (www.ourisalmonline.com) Over one and half million people living in Britain are Muslims. The Muslim community in Britain is mostly Asian, people who have immigrated are from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and East Africa; also there is a minority of Muslims from Cyprus, Turkey, the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia who are also permanently settled here in Britain for employment and business. Psychologically a person would judge her/himself by her/his ideals whereas one tends to judge others by their practices and this is also true of interaction between cultural groups. Muslims living in Britain, for example would judge the majority group, the British as a homogeneous group referring to it as the other. This emphasises the characteristics and behaviour, which are most different from their own, they will tend to judge more in their view of the Islamic ideal. It is the same for the British who will judge the characteristics of Muslims in view of their own ideal based upon a conception of what is typically British. (Roald 2001, 119) The family is the central to the whole scheme of social life as seen by Islam; therefore it must be preserved and strengthened at all costs. This concern is due to a number of laws laid down by Islam, for example like those regarding the relationship between the sexes and their intermingling, punishments for extra-marital sex, dress and many other related things. Unlike the structure of English families, the family structure of the Muslim family is very different, it includes well defined rights and obligations and the Muslim parents are enjoined in the Quran to meet their family obligations with kindness and justice. The Quran asks the children to love and respect their parents; mothers in particular as the most worthy of respect, help and love. Due to this particular nature of Islam as a total way of life and the role of the family life, the younger generation of Muslims in Britain are often in a state of confusion and conflict in meeting the religious and the family duty on one hand and on the other trying to gain total acceptance within the English communities in which they study, work in which they are surrounded in. Some British cultures believe that Islam is a new religion brought by Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him). They say that He was the Founder of Islam and that at times it is referred to as Mohammadanism. Islam stresses upon the fact that it is not a new religion and that Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah and peace be upon him) did not bring a new faith. Islam says that he was the last of the Prophets, which included Abraham, Moses and Jesus and that He only renewed what they had preached. He cannot be called the Founder of Islam and Islam can defiantly not be called Mohammadanism. (Al-Attas 1978, 21) Islamic life is based on two foundations, which is belief and action. The fundamental beliefs that Islam teaches are the belief in One God (Allah), in all the Prophets of Allah last of all was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the belief in the Quran; and in the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Judgement and the life after death. Muslims also must believe in the angels, as the servants of Allah who bring His message to the Prophets and obey and implement His commands. Belief in the Oneness of Allah is the foundation of Islam; Allah is One, Unique, the All Powerful, the Sustainer and Nourisher of the entire world; in Whose hands are the life and death of all creatures. Every Muslim is required as an important part of his faith is to believe and respect all the Prophets of Allah. Denial of one is the denial of all. Islam is based on five pillars; these are the basic and formal structure of worship, which enables a Muslim to transform his entire life into an act of worship. The first pillar is the declaration of faith, which is known as the Shahadah, the second pillar is prayer, to pray five times a day (this is known as Salah). The third pillar is the welfare due to the needy (Zakah), the fourth is to fast during the month of Ramadan (Sawm) and the final pillar is to go at least once in a life time on the pilgrimage to Makka (Hajj) if one can afford to and is fit in health wise. (Basic Principals of Islam, 5) The Shariah is in the Holy Quran and the life example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is embodied in the Sunnah and this is where the law is revealed by Allah for the Muslims. The Islamic Law is not made by Muslims. The law is interpreted by Muslim scholars but once it is derived from the Quran or the Sunnah it can never not even by a simple comma be changed. The Western mass media have tended to present a distorted and biased view of the Islamic Law and have associated it with the particular Muslim countries in relation to singular dramatic events such as the event on September 11th. The Shariah is explained in K.J. Murads article the Shariah is not merely a collection of dos and donts, or just a set of criminal laws prescribing punishments for certain crimes. The Shariah literally means a clear path. It is the path that man, in Islam must walk as he toils and strives to reach his Creator. It is the yearning deep within to seek the Lord and the Master that the Shariah translates into steps, concrete and measured, on the pathways of life. The Shariah is the fulfilment of the total man inner and outer, individual and corporate as he strives to live by the will of his One and only God. (Ahsan and McDermott 1993, p29). The Shariah consists of things which are expressly prohibited (haram) for example eating any food derived from the pig, consuming alcohol, gambling, interest and adultery are specifically forbidden. There are certain Muslim practices in which people who are involved in various relationships with Muslims require a certain amount of information. These are related to various aspects such food, dress, sex, marriage, family, public worship etc. It is necessary not only to have the full information on the Islamic Law but the relations and attitudes on these matters. It is also vital to understand and respect the norms and values which belong to a culture different from the Western but in no way less civilised or inferior. Islam develops a framework of life where this world and the other world are fused together and has joined it into a whole. This world, this place is not something to be run away from, there is only a very short stay here for where the human beings placed on this earth are being examined, tested, purified and developed by the Almighty Allah. Man must stay within his or her limits and is allowed to use all the good things which are available on this earth. Nothing created can be made unlawful without authority from the Creator, there can be no ignorance, superstition, traditions and customs. In the British culture ignorance and superstition has increased a lot. There is ignorance between friends, families, business companies over authority, hierarchical needs. There is ignorance between friends over clothes, money, and fashion tastes and if they belong and are member of a social group. Various forms of supersitiions have embedded in peoples minds over time in Britain for example if you break a mirror you will have bad luck for seven years, walking underneath a ladder brings a person bad luck, Friday the 13th etc. Traditions and customs are more compulsory in the Asian community especially in places such as Pakistan but they still remain in the British culture but it is not as strong. Traditions and customs of a Pakistani family based in Pakistan tend to have more arranged marriages and allow their child only to get married to someone whom is of the same language and background. Whereas now in Britain it has become common for Muslims from different countries and backgrounds to get married and it is more of a free choice. Islam also urges that the needs and the desires of the body are not caused by evil within the person. All of them which is food, drink, sleep and sex should be satisfied only within the limitations set by Allah, once they are satisfied in violation of the limits set by the Almighty do they then become evil. (Lewis 1994, 111) According to Islam all foods are lawful and consumable unless it is stated in the Quran or the Sunnah otherwise. All varieties of fish and all kinds of vegetables are allowed in Islam, it is only the variety of meat, which Islam discriminates between certain animals. Pig in all forms and carnivorous animals whether slaughtered ritually or not is specifically forbidden. According to the Islamic law, the animal should be killed in such a way that blood flows out, usually by a very sharp knife penetrating the inner part of the animals neck and the name of Allah should be said upon it while it is being killed. Muslim communities in Britain has set up their own system of supplying halaal meat through shops run by Muslims. Nowadays supermarkets such as Safeways also supply halaal meat. The Kosher meat of the Jews is can also be eaten by Muslims, as the Jewish religion slaughter their animals in a very similar way also mentioning the name of God over them. Other foods sold in supermarkets which is either prepared or unprepared, Muslims need to read the list of ingredients very carefully whenever he or she intend to buy any food. The main problem in Britain unfortunately is giving the information about the ingredients in certain products as it is not legally binding. (www.youngmuslims.ca) In Islam it does not mention at all in the Quran or the Hadith of which dress a Muslim male or a Muslim female should wear. It has given broad outlines to all Muslims that they should cover their bodies properly and with decency.the minimum part of the body that should be covered by the man is from his navel to his knees and for a woman, she should be covered from head to toe leaving only the face and the hands. The main problem in the British culture between Muslims and non-Muslims is the competition between each other in fashion and taste to impress the opposite sex. Non-Muslims would and are able to go to extreme measures especially the female sex to make themselves more attractive by wearing fitted and revealing outfits. This has an influence on the Muslim females as they are in conflict in meeting religious obligations on one hand and gaining total acceptance with the host community. It has been realised that there is a Muslim Community in Britain, which believes in Islam. The Muslim child in Britain is likely to speak his native language (Urdu, Pashto, Bengali, Punjabi or Gujarati in most cases) at home, Arabic in prayers and English at school. In spiritual, religious and educational matters the Islamic religion gives man and woman equal rights making no differentiation between their opportunities in education and learning. The Prophet Muhammad (May Allah bring peace upon him) said Pursuit of learning is a duty for every Muslim man and women without distinction between, since learning is venerated in Islam and its pursuit obligatory. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p12). Although Islam allows the equal rights to men and women but these rights are not necessarily those which will help them to follow the same roles and fulfil the same functions as society. The Holy Quran emphasises the womanly duties set upon them such the role of a wife and the motherly role. It is a lot of responsibility and it takes up a lot of the time of the women. In the hands of the women is the care of her familys social, religious and moral welfare whereas the male of the house, expectations from him are the fatherly roles and to be a husband, and also he is expected to accept the responsibility for providing the means by which the family may survive. According to Islam, there is a specific sex individuality in man and woman which they must preserve and cherish because it is this individuality which gives them honour and dignity and enables them to fulfil in an effective manner their specific role in society. In the Hadith it clearly shows that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) strongly disapproved of either sex imitating the behaviour of the other n their dress and manners. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p13). Sex relationships outside marriage are clearly forbidden; an even intimate or sensual conversation between members of the opposite sex is disapproved of. This leads on to the point which is causing great concern to many Muslim parents in Britain today. These fears are similar to many of the Christian parents whom have gone through and still also do, in the face of growing permissiveness within this society. Some Muslim parents have even been prepared to keep their daughters at home in order to avoid conflict between the religious methods which confronts them when they reach secondary school age. The girls are not allowed to enter the free society of males other than close relations. This means that no Muslim girl ought to go a mixed secondary school. Also it must not be forgotten that a young unmarried Muslim male also needs a great deal of guidance. In the Times Educational Supplement there was an article saying that in and out of school life teenage girls were subjected to strong sexual pressures of various kinds. There is a constant drive towards early dating, their contemporaries expect it, commercial world exploits it. For many girls the single sex school was almost the only place where they could value others and be valued by them as persons with social intellectual and temperamental qualities to be enjoyed and fulfilled quite apart from the accident of sex'. (Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools 1975, p17). A Muslim child faces a very distressing conflict situation with respect to the many and varied roles he is required to play. For a Muslim child, the parents, with their Islamic, ethnic and village background; the family, the peer group within and outside the home, the mass media, the school environment, the teacher, the text book and society in general all combine together to put upon him very confusing and conflicting demands. What the child needs is a very high degree of sympathy and understanding from his home and his school. Given moral support from the family, guidance from the mosque and religious tolerance and respect from teachers and community workers, the young Muslim can learn to fulfil the rights and obligations upon him or her within the British society. In modern times, forces such as Western-style nationalism, tribalism and linguistic affinities, as well as the different ways in which various parts of the Islamic world have experienced the modern world and such forces as colonialism, secular nationalism, racialism and Western lay humanism have caused a significant variation in the manner and degree of attachment of many Muslims to Islam. (Nasr 1997, p78). There are Muslims in this world who never miss their daily prayers and live as much as they can by the Shariah, who consider their manner and attitude of following Islam to be the only manner. Yet again in contrast in the modern world there are also others who do not follow by the laws and still consider themselves as being defiantly Muslims. Also there are even who do not do anything specifically Islamic yet call themselves Muslims and would protest if called anything else. (Eaton 1997, 89), (www.usc.edu) Referencing Ahsan, M McDermott, M (1980) The Muslim Guide The Islamic Foundations Al-Attas, S (1978) Islam and Secularisation, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Basic Principals of Islam, Albirr Foundations U.K. Eaton, G (1997) Islam and the Destiny of Man, The Islamic Text Society Islamic Education and Single Sex Schools Lewis, P (1994) Islamic Britain, I.B. Tauris Nasar, S (1987) Traditional Islam un the Modern World, Suhail Academy Lahore Pakistan Roald, A (2001) Women in Islam, London and New York www.bbc.co.uk www.usc.edu www.ourisalmonline.com)

Music Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay -- Post-traumat

1. INTRODUCTION â€Å"A Person cannot be diagnosed with PTSD without having experienced a traumatic event.† (Hunt and McHale, 2010, p.13). The purpose of this essay is to discuss how Music Therapy can be used to help veterans suffering from PTSD to cope with their traumatic experiences and manage their symptoms. I will define PTSD, then in further detail explore and explain how music therapy can be used to treat and manage the symptoms of PTSD. Finally, I will evaluate if Music Therapy is a suitable intervention for helping veterans treat the symptoms of PTSD. This essay will explore the perspectives of music therapists including Julie Sutton and Gary Ansdell and research of Psychologists Paul Gilbert, Nigel Hunt and Sue Mchale. 2.1 DEFINITION OF PTSD Psychologists Hunt and McHale (2010, p.20) state that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): In order for someone to be classified as having PTSD, there must be: 1) a traumatic event 2) intrusive re-experiencing 3) avoidance and general numbing 4) hyper arousal 5) problems stemming from these symptoms at work and home 6) a minimum duration of one month This definition is helpful in providing a music therapist with a clear classification system to decide whether a veteran being referred to them, is displaying symptoms related to PTSD. 2.2 THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING TO PROMOTE DIAPHRAMATIC BREATHING According to Whealin, De Carvhalo and Vega (2008, pp.22-25): When we have survived extremely stressful or dangerous situations, the amygdala can start to be overactive. That is why when veterans return from war, they often feel alarmed even when they are not in danger. There are a number of skills you can ... ...a Kingsley Publishers, pp.13-75. Bunt, L. and Hoskyns, S. (2002) The Handbook of Music Therapy. London: Routledge, pp.190-195. Bunt, L. (1994) Music Therapy: An Art Beyond Words. London: Routledge, pp.171-175. Bright, G. (1997) Wholeness in Later Life. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp.119-123. Gilbert, P. (2010) Compassion Focused Therapy. London: Routledge, pp.135-145. Hunt, N.C. and McHale, S. (2010) Understanding Post Traumatic Stress. London: Sheldon Press, pp. 13-25. Jones, E. and Wessely, S. (2005) Shell Shock to PTSD. Hove: Psychology Press, pp.215-220. Sutton, J.P (2002) Music, Music Therapy and Trauma: International Perspectives. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp.231-257. Whealin, J.M., Decarvahlo, L.T. and Edward, M.V. (2008) Clinician’s Guide to Treating Stress After War. New-Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, pp.20-30.

Undersea walking in Mauritius

The article is about Undersea walking in Mauritius, and has been written for a travel supplement for The Daily Telegraph. It is based on the style model â€Å"Guatelama shows its true colours† – a travel review from this newspaper. Its purpose is to inform and entertain, and the target demographic is the middle class family seeking an exotic destination. Titled â€Å"Under the Sea,† most will immediately notice the intertextual reference to a song from the famous Disney movie â€Å"The Little Mermaid.† This suggests not only that the article will be related to the sea, but also that the activity will be suitable for children, because of the Disney film connotations. The title's aim is also to give a summary of the main lexical fields covered in the article, the sea, swimming and wildlife. Other lexical fields include advice and safety; however, although these are important they are not very exciting, and so are not in any way suggested by the title. In conjunction with my style model, photos are placed in between paragraphs, which graph logically help the reader to establish a rough idea of the subject matter, and demonstrate the progression of the text, i.e. The first image shows a person getting into the water, and the next actually shows the people submerged. The small blue text box at the bottom of the second page connotes water, the sea and tranquillity, creating cohesion with the rest of the article. The article is stylistically informal, achieved by the first person narrator disclosing their feelings and emotions. By using personal pronouns such as â€Å"you,† the reader feels more involved in the article, as they are being addressed directly. Idioms are also used, such as â€Å"what on earth† and â€Å"let's face it,† giving the text a more conversational and relaxed feel. A dysphemism (â€Å"dumped under the sea†) in the first paragraph further helps the reader to identify with the writer's emotions, making the text entertaining. The penultimate paragraph is designed to inform people of the benefits of an undersea walk as an introduction to diving. It does this by frequently using modal verbs, for example â€Å"would†, increasing the writer's certainty and the reader's confidence in the advice given. However, it also uses the modal verb â€Å"may,† which while indicating that an undersea walk â€Å"may be a good predecessor to their first dive,† it also covers the possibility that it may not. Throughout the article, periodic sentences are used, to keep the reader engaged as well as to create suspense. An example of this is in the first paragraph – â€Å"fair enough, it was a once in a life time opportunity, but then, as I stared down into the deep expanse of water, I began to doubt my decision.† The reader feels compelled to finish reading the sentence, as the main point is not reached until the end. This therefore, encourages the reader to read on, whilst also ending the paragraph dramatically.

Hamlet As A Jealous Of Claudius - 1417 Words

On William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, after the assassination of his father, Hamlet thinks he is living in a world full of corruption and deceit, where everything is falling apart and everyone is against him. An imminent, exaggerated, and passionate love for his mother is his main feature. Although others argue that Hamlet’s obsession to murder Claudius is strictly to claim revenge for his father’s death, it is Hamlet’s obsessive desire to possess his mother in an unhealthy and, perhaps incestuous, relationship. Hamlet also appears jealous of Claudius, his father-uncle, jealous of him for having Gertrude and for owning the crown. He lives a love-hate relationship with his mother. He is full of anger towards her, but at the same time he†¦show more content†¦He cannot take revenge on the man who got rid of his father and took his place with his mother. The horror could awaken Hamlet’s violence, which is replaced by remorse and scruples of consci ence. Scruples in the consciousness that correspond to something that goes beyond it, that is, in the unconscious. Differently to what is thought nowadays, the Oedipus complex described by Freud goes beyond just the son s desire to have sex with his mother. The Oedipus complex includes the teenager s psychosexual idea of feeling jealousy, anger, and above all, competing with his father. Besides, Freud’s theory emphasizes that boys select their mother as their principal object of desire, and subconsciously wish to usurp or even murder their fathers in order to gain exclusive possession of her and become their mothers lover. Some explain Hamlet s mysterious hesitancy as a result of the Oedipus complex. One might think that Hamlet continually postpones the act of vengeance against Claudius because of the overly confused psychodynamic situation in which he finds himself. Although he hates his uncle, at the same time he unconsciously identifies with him, for having killed his father and having married his mother. Claudius has fulfilled the frustrated desires of Hamlet. However, from the beginning of the play there is an essential element that marks an important difference between Hamlet and Oedipus, which brings with it certain effects in the clinical analysis.Show MoreRelated Hamlets Love for His Mother Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlets Love for His Mother Hamlet is seen as one of the most complex literary character of all time. The relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude can be interpreted in many ways. Hamlet’s motivation for killing Claudius is not to avenge his father’s death, but because of his love for his mother Gertrude. This is where the Oedipus complex comes into play in Hamlet by William Shakespeare. 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